Table Of Colostrum Studies
Research & Technical

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Published in 1987 through 1988

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NLM database Documents

Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Plasma fibronectin concentrations in breast fed and formula fed neonates.

Author

Friss HE; Rubin LG; Carsons S; Baranowski J; Lipsitz PJ

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Hospital, New York.

Source

Arch Dis Child, 1988 May, 63:5, 528-32

Abstract

Plasma fibronectin concentration was measured in neonates of 2 to 5 days of age. Although breast fed and formula fed infants were similar in demographic characteristics, the mean (SD) plasma concentration of fibronectin in 26 breast fed infants, 237 (117) mg/l, was significantly higher than in 27 formula fed infants (171 (91) mg/l). Fibronectin was detected in five colostrum specimens (mean concentration 13.4 mg/l). Similar bands were detected after gel electrophoresis of purified adult plasma fibronectin and whole plasma from breast fed and formula fed neonates after staining or immunoblotting. Fibronectin isolated from breast milk also appeared similar to purified plasma fibronectin. It is possible, although unlikely, that fibronectin is absorbed intact from ingested colostrum. Alternatively, a factor(s) might be present in colostrum that contributes to the regulation of plasma fibronectin concentration.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88268186

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Bottle Feeding|*; Breast Feeding|*; Fibronectins|*BL

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|AN; Female; Human; Infant Food|AN; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human|AN; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0003-9888

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Protective secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies in humans following oral immunization with Streptococcus mutans.

Author

Gregory RL; Filler SJ

Address

Department of Oral Biology, Emory University School of Dentistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.

Source

Infect Immun, 1987 Oct, 55:10, 2409-15

Abstract

Ingestion of a vaccine containing killed Streptococcus mutans, originally isolated from each volunteer, daily for 10 consecutive days induced increased levels of specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies to S. mutans cells and two cell surface proteins, glucosyltransferase and surface antigen I/II, in parotid saliva and tears of four healthy males and in parotid saliva, tears, colostrum, and milk of a pregnant woman. In addition, these antibodies inhibited glucosyltransferase activity. Both IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies were induced. The levels of IgA antibodies in all secretions remained significantly above preimmunization levels for more than 50 days after oral administration of antigen. A second series of immunizations for 7 consecutive days resulted in even higher levels of sIgA antibodies, which peaked earlier and persisted longer than those observed after the primary immunizations. No increase in levels of antibodies in serum were detected in any subject. Antibodies reactive with human heart and kidney antigens could not be detected in saliva, tears, colostrum, milk, or serum samples collected at any time during the immunization regimen. The numbers of viable S. mutans organisms in dental plaque and whole saliva decreased after each series of immunizations, which correlated with increased levels of IgA antibodies in saliva, suggesting that IgA antibodies in saliva were responsible for the reduced adherence of this bacterium. These results indicate that ingested S. mutans antigen induces secretion of specific IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies in saliva, tears, colostrum, and milk, providing further evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88006409

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibodies, Bacterial|*BI; Bacterial Vaccines|AD/*IM; IgA, Secretory|*BI; Immunization|*; Streptococcus mutans|*IM

MeSH Heading

Administration, Oral; Adult; Antigens, Bacterial|AD/IM; Antigens, Surface|AD/IM; Colostrum|IM; Dental Plaque|MI; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Human; Male; Milk, Human|IM; Neutralization Tests; Pregnancy; Saliva|IM/MI; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tears|IM

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0019-9567

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Vitamin E and selenium concentrations in milk and milkfractions.

Author

Deschuytere A; Vermeylen K; Deelstra H

Address

Source

Z Lebensm Unters Forsch, 1987 May, 184:5, 385-7

Abstract

Cow's milk of different lactation stages and of different seasons was analysed for its vitamin E and selenium contents. The concentrations of these nutrients vary with the lactation stage as well as with the sampling period. The results are compared with corresponding values for human milk. Cow's milk has appreciatly lower concentrations of vitamin E; the selenium content of cow's and human milk are the same. The lack of vitamin E when cow's milk is used for infant formulae is compensated for the addition of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The selenium concentration of different protein fractions of cow's milk was determined. It was found that the whey proteins contain more selenium than the caseins.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87266159

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Milk|*AN; Selenium|*AN; Vitamin E|*AN

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cattle; Colostrum|AN; Human; Milk Proteins|AN; Milk, Human|AN; Seasons; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0044-3026

Country of Publication

GERMANY, WEST

Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Bile salt-stimulated lipase activity in human colostrum from mothers of infants of different gestational age and birthweight.

Author

Pamblanco M; Ten A; Comín J

Address

Source

Acta Paediatr Scand, 1987 Mar, 76:2, 328-31

Abstract

The bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity was measured in milk collected at 3-4 days postpartum (colostrum) from 36 mothers divided into three groups according to gestational age and birthweight of their infants. BSSL activity changed with the length of gestation. Preterm colostrum presented a mean activity significantly higher than the term groups (small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age) which had similar values. The ratio of BSSL activity to the estimated fat content was 6.33 in colostrum of mothers who delivered preterm and 4.20 in colostrum of both groups of term mothers. These data suggest that preterm colostrum has a higher fat digesting potential than term colostrum and that it is the gestational age rather than the adequacy or non-adequacy of birthweight to gestational age that may influence the BSSL activity.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87237548

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Bile Acids and Salts|*ME; Birth Weight|*; Colostrum|*EN/ME; Gestational Age|*; Lipase|*ME

MeSH Heading

Adult; Female; Human; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Lipids|AN; Milk Proteins|AN; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0001-656X

Country of Publication

SWEDEN

Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Evaluation of Chagas' disease transmission through breast-feeding.

Author

Bittencourt AL; Sadigursky M; Da Silva AA; Menezes CA; Marianetti MM; Guerra SC; Sherlock I

Address

Departamento de Anatomia PatolÆogica e Medicina Legal, FAMED, Salvador, Brasil.

Source

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 1988 Jan, 83:1, 37-9

Abstract

One hundred milk or colostrum samples from 78 mothers with chronic Chagas' disease were parasitologically studied for Trypanosoma cruzi infection by means of direct examination and inoculation of mice. The mice were submitted to direct blood examination three times a week. At the end of 45 days, xenodiagnosis and indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT) for T. cruzi antibodies were carried out in the animals. No parasitized sample was observed even though five mothers had parasitemia at milk collection. In addition, 97 breast-fed children of chronic chagasic mothers, born free of infection, were tested for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi using IFAT. No case of T. cruzi infection was detected. The authors conclude that breast-feeding should not be avoided for children of chronic chagasic women. However, as these mothers had intermittent parasitemia, they should avoid nursing when there is nipple bleeding.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89261061

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Breast Feeding|*; Chagas Disease|DI/*TM; Colostrum|AN/*PS; Milk, Human|AN/*PS

MeSH Heading

Animal; Antibodies, Protozoan|AN; Female; Human; IgG|AN; Infant; Mice; Serologic Tests; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trypanosoma cruzi|IM

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0074-0276

Country of Publication

BRAZIL

Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Thrombospondin in milk, other breast secretions, and breast tissue.

Author

Dawes J; Clezardin P; Pratt DA

Address

MRC/SNBTS Blood Components Assay Group, Edinburgh, UK.

Source

Semin Thromb Hemost, 1987 Jul, 13:3, 378-84

Abstract

Colostrum and milk contained high concentrations of thrombospondin, although the concentration relative to total protein content decreased as lactation was established. Thrombospondin occurred in the aqueous phase of milk rather than as a component of the milk fat globule membrane. It could be purified from colostrum using established procedures after removal of lipid from the starting material. The intact protein had a molecular weight of 450 kd, but the product contained small peptides, perhaps as a result of proteolytic activity in the colostrum. Thrombospondin from goat colostrum displayed a different proteolytic fragmentation pattern from thrombospondins isolated from three human sources, but this could be a species- rather than tissue-specific difference. Breast cancer cytosols contained significantly more thrombospondin than cytosols from normal tissue or benign dysplasias. Thrombospondin levels in a variety of breast secretions all fell within the range found in colostrum and milk, as did the fluids from Na+ (group II) breast cysts. K+ (group I) cysts, however, contained fluids with low thrombospondin concentrations, eliminating apocrine cells as the source of thrombospondin in the breast.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88070673

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Breast|ME/*SE; Glycoproteins|IP/*ME; Milk, Human|*ME

MeSH Heading

Chemistry; Colostrum|AN; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Distribution

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0094-6176

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Concentrations of thiopentone in mature breast milk and colostrum following an induction dose.

Author

Andersen LW; Qvist T; Hertz J; Mogensen F

Address

Source

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1987 Jan, 31:1, 30-2

Abstract

In two groups of eight patients, concentrations of thiopentone in mature breast milk and colostrum following anaesthesia induction with 5.4 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b.w. (mean), respectively, were measured in the first 36 h postoperatively. Blood concentrations were measured simultaneously. The maximal concentrations were: in mature breast milk, 3.4 +/- 0.68 mumol l-1 (mean +/- s.e. mean) (0.090 mg 100 ml-1), and in colostrum, 1.3 +/- 0.5 mumol l-1 (0.034 mg 100 ml-1). The milk/plasma ratio was less than 1.0 in both groups. The above concentrations may be regarded as negligible and therefore non-toxic for the nursing infant.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87152205

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Anesthesia, Intravenous|*; Colostrum|*AN; Milk, Human|*AN; Thiopental|*AN

MeSH Heading

Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Human; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0001-5172

Country of Publication

DENMARK

Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Antioxidant properties of human colostrum.

Author

Buescher ES; McIlheran SM

Address

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030.

Source

Pediatr Res, 1988 Jul, 24:1, 14-9

Abstract

Because it has recently been hypothesized that human milk is antiinflammatory, the effects of aqueous human colostrum on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) respiratory burst activity and selected enzymatic activities was examined. Aqueous colostrum was found to spontaneously reduce ferricytochrome C in a concentration-dependent manner, prohibiting use of the standard assay to measure superoxide production. It also caused a significant concentration-dependent prolongation of the lagtime from stimulation of PMN with phorbol myristate acetate to the appearance of hydrogen peroxide. Substitution of an enzymatic peroxide-generating system for PMN did not alter the effect of colostrum. Colostrum also suppressed myeloperoxidase activity and lysozyme activity, but not beta-glucuronidase activity in PMN lysates. Inclusion of colostrum in an in vitro assay of PMN-mediated cell detachment significantly suppressed this PMN-mediated effect. These data demonstrate that aqueous human colostrum significantly interferes with PMN oxygen metabolic and enzymatic activities that are important in the mediation of acute inflammation.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88319828

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*PH; Neutrophils|*ME; Oxygen|*BL

MeSH Heading

Cell Adhesion; Cytochrome c|BL; Female; Glucuronidase|ME; Human; Hydrogen Peroxide|BL; Muramidase|ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidase|ME; Pregnancy; Superoxides|BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate|PD; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-3998

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Bacterial growth in expressed breast-milk.

Author

Nwankwo MU; Offor E; Okolo AA; Omene JA

Address

Department of Child Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria.

Source

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1988 Jun, 8:2, 92-5

Abstract

We determined the degree of bacterial contamination and the rate of bacterial growth in expressed breast-milk stored in a tropical environment with high ambient temperatures and humidity. Colostrum or mature milk obtained from mothers who were delivered preterm or at term was stored at room temperature (27-32 degrees C) and in a refrigerator (4 degrees C) over a 24-h period. Bacterial isolates represented normal skin flora. Our study showed that colostrum was more inhibitory than mature milk, and term colostrum more so than preterm colostrum. At room temperature, mature milk from term mothers could be stored for 6 h without a significant increase in bacterial counts. Term colostrum could be stored for 12 h without significant bacterial growth. Preterm milk could be stored for 4 hr. Our findings should be of practical value to lactating mothers without access to refrigerators.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88292930

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Bacteria|*GD/IP; Milk, Human|*MI

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|MI; Female; Gestational Age; Human; Humidity; Pregnancy; Refrigeration; Temperature; Tropical Climate

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0272-4936

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the colostrum isolated from infants with diarrhea.

Author

Kletter Y; Goldhar J; Gutman R; Fried D; Zakut H

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

Source

Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1988, 25:1, 31-4

Abstract

The role of certain types of Escherichia coli in infectious diarrhea in infants and young children is well known. Infants who are breast-fed are less prone to gastroenteritis during their first year of life. Antibodies against three types of fimbrial antigens (adhesions) of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in the colostrum were studied. The hemagglutination inhibition test method was used to detect antibodies against ETEC adhesions, i.e. colonization factors, I and II and fimbria type I. The colostrum of mothers on the 1st and 3rd day post partum was standard for the presence of antibodies. The results show that most of the colostrum samples contained antibodies against adhesions of the types of ETEC that we worked with. This study will enhance the knowledge as to why mothers should breast-feed their babies.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88138141

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibodies, Bacterial|*AN; Colostrum|*IM; Diarrhea, Infantile|*IM; Escherichia coli|*IM

MeSH Heading

Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli Infections|DI; Female; Fimbriae, Bacterial|IM; Hemagglutination Tests; Human; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0378-7346

Country of Publication

SWITZERLAND

Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Purification and characterization of a bovine colostrum-derived growth factor.

Author

Shing Y; Klagsbrun M

Address

Department of Biological Chemistry, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

Source

Mol Endocrinol, 1987 May, 1:5, 335-8

Abstract

A growth factor in bovine colostrum was purified to homogeneity by a combination of acid extraction, boiling, cation exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and reverse phase HPLC. The bovine colostrum growth factor (BCGF) had an isoelectric point of about 10, a native mol wt of about 30,000, was resistant to inactivation by boiling and exposure to pH 1, but was inactivated by dithiothreitol. BCGF appeared to be structurally related to human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and competed with human PDGF in a radioreceptor assay. However, while human PDGF appeared to be a heterodimer of 17,000 and 14,000 mol wt subunits, BCGF appeared to be a homodimer of 20,000 mol wt subunits. Purified BCGF had a specific activity in stimulating 3T3 cell proliferation of about 3-6 U/ng and was active at about 1-2 ng/ml.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

90331924

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*AN; Growth Substances|*IP/PD

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Comparative Study; DNA Replication|DE; Female; Human; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor|IP

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0888-8809

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Eliciting antibodies in chickens to human dimeric IgA. Removal of factors from human colostrum depressing anti IgA antibody production.

Author

Polson A; Maass R; van der Merwe KJ

Address

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, Rep. of South Africa.

Source

Immunol Invest, 1988 Aug, 17:6-7, 465-89

Abstract

Contrary to expectation chickens did not readily elicit antibodies to IgA dimers when untreated human colostrum was used as antigen. When colostrum was fractionated by means of a column of 8% granulated agarose equilibrated with 10mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, a major and a minor fraction were obtained. The major or "1st fraction" consisted of two components with sedimentation coefficients of 10.9 S and 14.1 S, respectively. The minor or "2nd fraction" consisted of components of S values ranging from 2 to 6 and small amounts of 10.9 and 14.1 S material. When chickens were immunized with the "1st fraction" antibodies to dimeric IgA were produced. When the "1st and 2nd fractions" of the column were remixed and used for immunization of chickens, the immune response was as poor as when the chickens were injected with untreated colostrum. An immuno-depressing agent in colostrum was indicated. When rabbits were immunized with clarified human colostrum, antibodies against five antigens were elicited, one of the antigens being dimeric IgA. The immuno-depressing agent is therefore not universal. The purified agent suppressed antibody formation in chickens against the haemocyanin of Jasus lalandii. The "activity" is therefore not specific for IgA and the remaining four antigens in human colostrum. The purified component is a glyco-protein with a hexose content in excess of 10%. The derivatized sugars prepared from it were shown by gas liquid chromatography to be an equimolar mixture of galactose, mannose and fucose. The molecular weight (Mr) of the purified component was found to be 72,000 by sedimentation and diffusion and 80,000 by SDS page using Mr reference standards. The properties of the immuno-suppressor strongly suggest that it is the secretory piece of dimeric IgA.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89173079

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibody Formation|*; Colostrum|*AN; IgA, Secretory|*IM

MeSH Heading

Animal; Centrifugation; Chickens; Female; Fractional Precipitation; Glycoproteins|IP; Human; Immunosuppression; Molecular Weight; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0882-0139

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis: evidence for prevention by maternal antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen.

Author

Bailey E; Albright DG; Henney PJ

Address

Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40545-0076.

Source

Am J Vet Res, 1988 Aug, 49:8, 1218-22

Abstract

Foals with the Ca blood group antigen on their RBC were given colostrum with anti-Ca antibodies (6 foals) or colostrum without anti-Ca antibodies (6 foals). The PCV were determined at birth and 2, 4, and 6 days after birth for the foals in each group. Significant differences were not observed for the PCV between the 2 groups, indicating that foals were not adversely affected by ingesting colostrum with the anti-Ca antibody. Standardbred mares without the Aa blood group antigen were evaluated to determine whether production of anti-Ca antibodies influenced production of anti-Aa antibodies. Of 266 mares without the Aa antigen, 3 of 61 (5%) mares without the Ca blood group antigen produced anti-Aa antibodies and 43 of 205 (21%) with the Ca blood group antigen produced anti-Aa antibodies. These 2 groups of mares were significantly (P = 0.006) different; Ca-negative mares were less likely to produce antibodies to Aa than were mares with the Ca blood group antigen. This observation was consistent with a hypothesis of antibody-mediated immunosuppression of immune response to the Aa blood group antigen by antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen, ie, when a mare is exposed to her foal's RBC and already has antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen on the foal's RBC, then she is less likely to initiate an immune response to the Aa blood group antigen also on the foal's RBC.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89024150

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blood Group Incompatibility|IM/PC/*VE; Blood Groups|*IM; Horse Diseases|IM/*PC; Isoantibodies|*IM

MeSH Heading

Animal; Animals, Newborn; Colostrum|IM; Horses; Human

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0002-9645

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Comparative analysis of enzyme activity in human colostrum, milk, and serum.

Author

Walentin S; Lévay G; Korányi L; Endroczi E

Address

Institute of Clinical and Experimental Laboratory Investigations, University Postgraduate Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.

Source

Clin Biochem, 1988 Apr, 21:2, 131-3

Abstract

Changes of enzyme activity in the colostrum, milk, and serum samples of 14 mothers were followed. For the enzyme assay, the colostrum and the milk samples were diluted, 1:10 and 1:5, respectively. The activity of the following enzymes were measured: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT); cholinesterase; alkaline, and acid phosphatase. Milk, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT activities did not change during the first four days of lactation, yet were significantly higher than the corresponding activities of serum. The activity of GGT and alkaline and acid phosphatase in milk showed a marked decrease by day 4 postpartum; however, the GGT stayed much higher than that of serum, while the activity of the other two enzymes decreased to the level of the serum. By contrast, as compared to the colostrum, the cholinesterase activity in the breast milk showed a significant increase.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88270648

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*EN; Enzymes|*BL; Milk, Human|*EN

MeSH Heading

Comparative Study; Female; Human

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0009-9120

Country of Publication

CANADA

Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

IgG4 in human colostrum and human milk: continued local production or selective transport from serum.

Author

Keller MA; Gendreau Reid L; Heiner DC; Rodriguez A; Short JA

Address

Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance.

Source

Acta Paediatr Scand, 1988 Jan, 77:1, 24-9

Abstract

Colostrum, mature milk, and paired plasma samples were obtained from 10 postpartum women who had not been previously studied. The geometric mean concentration of IgG4 in colostrum (3.3 micrograms/ml) was similar to the mean concentration in mature milk (3.0 micrograms/ml). The arithmetic mean for the percent of IgG = IgG4 was 10.3 +/- 3.3% for colostrum, 10.3 +/- 3.1% for mature milk, 2.6 +/- 0.3% for early plasma, and 1.7 +/- 0.3% for later plasma. Local mammary production of immunoglobulin was determined by subtracting the estimated serum contribution from the measured concentration in colostrum or milk. Evidence for local mammary production of IgG4 was found in 5 of 10 colostrum samples and 8 of 10 mature milk samples. These observations indicate that the previously observed selective enrichment of IgG4 in colostrum is also true for mature milk. These are the first studies suggesting continued local production of any immunoglobulin other than IgA in mature human breast milk.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88219964

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*IM; IgG|*AN/ME; Lactation|*IM; Milk, Human|*IM

MeSH Heading

Female; Human; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0001-656X

Country of Publication

SWEDEN

Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Structural variability of the neutral carbohydrate moiety of cow colostrum kappa-casein as a function of time after parturition. Identification of a tetrasaccharide with blood group I specificity.

Author

Fiat AM; Chevan J; Jollès P; De Waard P; Vliegenthart JF; Piller F; Cartron JP

Address

Laboratoire des ProtÆeines, UniversitÆe de Paris V, France.

Source

Eur J Biochem, 1988 Apr, 173:2, 253-9

Abstract

New neutral oligosaccharides from cow colostrum kappa-casein were identified and characterized by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Their structures are Gal beta(1----3)GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[Fuc alpha(1----3)[Gal beta(1----4)]GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol. The tetrasaccharide and the cow colostrum kappa-caseinoglycopeptide which contains this oligosaccharide inhibit the hemagglutination of blood group I human erythrocytes. In cow mature milk only the disaccharide is characterized. The variability of these neutral oligosaccharides in cow kappa-casein as a function of time after calving is studied.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88196107

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blood Groups|*; Carbohydrates|*AN; Caseins|*AN/IM; Colostrum|*AN; Glycopeptides|*AN/IM; I Blood-Group System|*; Labor|*; Oligosaccharides|*AN

MeSH Heading

Animal; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes|IM; Female; Human; Isoantibodies|AN; Molecular Sequence Data; Pregnancy; Sugar Alcohols|AN; Time Factors

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0014-2956

Country of Publication

GERMANY, WEST

Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Does maternal platelet-associated or platelet-bindable IgG correlate with levels in umbilical cord blood or colostrum during normal pregnancy?

Author

Piscitelli JT; Simel DL; Rosse WF

Address

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.

Source

Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1988 Feb, 158:2, 430-4

Abstract

Existing data regarding the ability to predict neonatal thrombocytopenia during maternal immune thrombocytopenia are confusing. We studied normal pregnancies (n = 20) to define normal values and the correlation between maternal and umbilical cord platelet counts, platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (IgG), and platelet-bindable IgG. The postpartum serum platelet-bindable IgG level was measured to evaluate peripartum changes and the correlation with colostrum platelet-bindable IgG (n = 6). The mean maternal platelet count was 181,500 cells/cm3 mm and the mean umbilical cord platelet count was 293,500 cells/mm3. The median maternal platelet-associated IgG was 803 molecules per platelet, umbilical cord platelet-associated IgG was 791 molecules per platelet, maternal platelet-bindable IgG was 92 molecules per platelet, and umbilical cord platelet-bindable IgG was 256 molecules per platelet. The postpartum median maternal platelet-bindable IgG was 333 molecules per platelet and for colostrum it was 297 molecules per platelet. No clinically useful correlations for predicting the neonatal platelet count during normal pregnancy were found. Normal pregnancies may have high levels of maternal- or umbilical cord platelet-associated IgG, perhaps due to nonspecific binding.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88131198

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blood Platelets|*IM; Colostrum|*IM; Fetal Blood|*IM; IgG|*AN; Pregnancy|BL/*IM

MeSH Heading

Female; Human; Platelet Count; Reference Values; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0002-9378

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Studies on LHRH and physiological fluid amino acids in human colostrum and milk.

Author

Nair RM; Somasundaran M; Katikaneni LD; Purohit DM

Address

Source

Endocrinol Exp, 1987 Mar, 21:1, 23-30

Abstract

Various physiological fluid amino acids including essential, nonessential and neuroinhibitory as well as excitatory entities in human milk, colostrum, and infant formula were determined on a microcolumn ion-exchange analyzer equipped with ninhydrin detection system and integrator. The levels of 6 essential and 6 nonessential amino acids were significantly lower in infant formula than those in milk and colostrum. The neurotransmitter amino acids were also high in milk except taurine. Peptide hormones like LHRH were undetectable in infant formula, but were found in appreciable quantities in milk and colostrum by high pressure liquid chromatography. LHRH levels in milk were 6 to 7 fold higher than the corresponding plasma values as measured by radioimmunoassay. These and other several unique ingredients in human breast milk play a very prominent role in the development of the neonate. The presence of such complex components makes it impossible to humanize cow's milk or any other alternate formulation and to serve as a substitute for human milk. Further extensive work in defining the role of such essential components in milk on the development of the infant is indicated.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87190034

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Amino Acids|*AN; Colostrum|*AN; Gonadorelin|*AN; Milk, Human|*AN

MeSH Heading

Ammonia|AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Comparative Study; Human; Infant Food|AN; Radioimmunoassay; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0013-7200

Country of Publication

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Compartmentalization and quantitation of protein in human milk.

Author

Lönnerdal B; Woodhouse LR; Glazier C

Address

Source

J Nutr, 1987 Aug, 117:8, 1385-95

Abstract

Human milk protein was determined by three colorimetric methods and by Kjeldahl analysis. The distribution of nitrogen (N) and protein was determined within various milk compartments. Total N, whey, casein, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), cell N and N in the fat fraction were analyzed by micro-Kjeldahl analysis after a series of centrifugation and ultracentrifugation separations. Fresh milk samples (colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk) were centrifuged at 500 X g to separate milk cells and at 5000 X g to skim the milk. Decelled milk and skimmed milk were ultracentrifuged at 189,000 X g to separate fat and casein micelles from whey. NPN was analyzed after trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Whole milk, decelled milk, skimmed milk and whey were analyzed for protein with the Lowry method, modified for fat-containing samples, the Bradford dye-binding assay (Bio-Rad) and the Pierce bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Cell nitrogen had a tendency to be lower in mature milk than in colostrum. Colostrum contained only 6% casein protein, whereas mature milk contained 13%. Fat from skimming was lower in N than fat from ultracentrifugation. Average NPN levels were similar for milk from all three lactation periods, and constituted 10% of colostrum N and 25% of mature milk N. Protein determined by the Bio-Rad method on whole milk samples had the lowest variability (square root MSE) when correlated to Kjeldahl values. All three assays had lower variability when analyzing whey and skimmed milk than when analyzing whole milk. The Lowry method and the Bio-Rad method had low variability for whey and skimmed milk samples, but the Lowry method yielded analytical values closest to Kjeldahl protein values. The BCA method consistently overestimated Kjeldahl protein by 30%.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87310730

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Milk Proteins|*AN; Milk, Human|*AN/CY

MeSH Heading

Caseins|AN; Colorimetry; Colostrum|AN; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Lactation|ME; Lactose|AN; Nitrogen|AN; Precipitation; Pregnancy; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Ultracentrifugation

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0022-3166

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Nonimmunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits the adherence of certain enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains to guinea pig intestinal tract.

Author

Ashkenazi S; Mirelman D

Address

Department of Pediatrics A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.

Source

Pediatr Res, 1987 Aug, 22:2, 130-4

Abstract

The protecting effect of human milk against intestinal infections has been well documented, but its mechanism not completely understood. We have examined the effect of the nonimmunoglobulin fraction (NIgF) of human milk and colostrum on bacterial adherence to the intestinal tract. The NIgF was prepared by passing the milk through an immunosorbent column containing rabbit antihuman gamma-globulin (IgG and IgA). The effluent fraction did not contain gamma-globulins as shown by immunodiffusion on agarose and by using rabbit antihuman Ig, that was then detected with fluorescently-labeled goat antirabbit Ig. The effect of the NIgF of human milk on the adherence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains to guinea pig intestinal tract was quantitatively determined using radiolabeled bacteria which were incubated with suspensions of viable intestinal cells. Thirteen to 17 bacteria adhered per intestinal cell. NIgF of human milk and colostrum (300 microliter, 6.7 mg) caused about 50% inhibition of the adherence of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains whose attachment was mediated by colonization factor antigen I and II. No inhibition was noted on the adherence of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains containing type I pili. The inhibitory activity resisted boiling and proteolytic digestion with trypsin, but was completely abolished by periodate treatment, indicating that carbohydrate residues were probably involved. Examination of the effect of NIgF of human milk on bacterial adherence to intact intestinal surfaces revealed comparable results. Observations with scanning electron microscopy confirmed, morphologically, the attachment of the bacteria and the inhibitory effect of human milk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88015323

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Bacterial Adhesion|*; Escherichia coli|*IM; Intestine, Small|IM/*MI; Milk, Human|*IM

MeSH Heading

Animal; Colostrum|IM; Guinea Pigs; Human; In Vitro; Intestinal Diseases|PC

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-3998

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in human milk.

Author

McGilligan KM; Thomas DW; Eckhert CD

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, California 90027.

Source

Pediatr Res, 1987 Sep, 22:3, 268-70

Abstract

Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration was analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis in samples of human colostrum (n = 3) and of mature milk from mothers between 2 to 52 wk postpartum (n = 39), one of whom was known to be PiMZ with a PiZZ infant. All milk samples tested contained alpha-1-antitrypsin. The three colostrum samples contained 140, 520, and 250 mg/liter. The mature milk of women who had been lactating less than 6 months had a higher concentration (7.2 +/- 3.6 mg/liter) (mean +/- SD) than in the women who had been lactating 6-12 months (4.8 +/- 1.8 mg/liter) (p less than 0.03). The milk of the woman of Pi type MZ had an alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration of 7.0 mg/liter at 7 wk postpartum and 4.1 mg/liter at 52 wk. It has been previously demonstrated that enhanced absorption of intact proteins occurs in early infancy. The presence of antiproteases in human milk provided during early infancy may serve to inhibit the absorption of intact proteases, limiting their entry into the portal circulation.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88015344

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MeSH Heading (Major)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin|*AN; Milk, Human|*AN

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|AN; Fats|AN; Female; Human; Immunoelectrophoresis; Milk Proteins|AN; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-3998

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins in human milk and colostrum.

Author

Montgomery PA; Patton S; Huston GE; Josephson RV

Address

Source

Comp Biochem Physiol [B], 1987, 86:4, 635-9

Abstract

Protein patterns of skim milk and fat globule phases were relatively unchanging throughout 9 months lactation, the only notable differences being a rise in lysozyme and a decline up to 6 months with increase thereafter in lactoferrin. Profound changes in protein patterns of the breast secretion were observed during the first week postpartum. True colostrum, in which peptides of sIgA dominate the protein patterns, exists for at most the 2 initial days of secretion. Proteins of mature milk are not coordinated to appear in the colostral secretion simultaneously. A band corresponding to alpha-lactalbumin is present from the initial secretion; that for beta-casein emerges approximately 2 days layer.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87217222

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*AN; Milk Proteins|*AN; Milk, Human|*AN

MeSH Heading

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel|MT; Female; Human; Lactation; Lactoferrin|AN; Molecular Weight; Muramidase|AN; Pregnancy; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0305-0491

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Casein, a prohormone with an immunomodulating role for the newborn?

Author

Migliore Samour D; Jollès P

Address

Laboratoire des ProtÆeines, UnitÆe associÆee du C.N.R.S., UniversitÆe de Paris V, France.

Source

Experientia, 1988 Mar, 44:3, 188-93

Abstract

Maternal colostrum and milk, the earliest food of the newborn, should not only be considered as supplying nutrients, but also as agents providing protection against aggressions from the new environment. Indeed by enzymatic digestion of the main milk proteins, the caseins, biologically active peptides are released; they may be implicated in the stimulation of the newborn's immune system. From this point of view a 'strategic active zone' has been characterized in beta-casein. A possible role of casein as a 'prohormone' for the newborn is suggested.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88167113

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Caseins|*PH; Infant, Newborn|*PH; Milk, Human|*PH

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|PH; Endorphins|PH; Human; Immunity; Peptide Fragments|PH

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL

ISSN

0014-4754

Country of Publication

SWITZERLAND

Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Biotinidase in human breast milk.

Author

Oizumi J; Hayakawa K

Address

National Children's Medical Research Center, Division of Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan.

Source

Am J Clin Nutr, 1988 Aug, 48:2, 295-7

Abstract

Biotinidase activity in 19 samples of human breast milk was investigated with the sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorometric method that we developed. All samples exhibited biotinidase activity. For mature milk the mean activity of 17 samples was 0.208 nmol.min-1.mL-1 milk (range, 0.087-0.516 nmol.min-1.mL-1) and mean specific activity was 7.51 pmol.min-1.mg-1 protein (range, 2.17-17.2 pmol.min-1.mg-1). These values are relatively low compared with the activity in human serum (5.26 +/- 2.92 nmol.min-1.mL-1 serum and 95.6 +/- 53.1 pmol.min-1.mg-1 protein; n = 246). Biotinidase activities of milk obtained at various times after birth were not significantly different. However, biotinidase activity in colostrum was about five times higher than that of mature milk. The existence of biotinidase activity in all specimens suggests that this enzyme plays an important nutritional role during infancy.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88307300

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Amidohydrolases|*AN; Milk, Human|*EN

MeSH Heading

Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid|MT; Colostrum|EN; Female; Fluorometry; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0002-9165

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Human lactoferrin stimulates thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat crypt cells.

Author

Nichols BL; McKee KS; Henry JF; Putman M

Address

Source

Pediatr Res, 1987 Jun, 21:6, 563-7

Abstract

In a search for dietary factors that might stimulate enterocyte proliferation, we developed an assay for thymidine incorporation into DNA using harvested crypt cells from mature rat small intestine. Human colostrum stimulated a significant increase in thymidine incorporation into rat crypt cell DNA during a 60-min period of incubation. When the protein with biological activity was purified to a single peak by sequential ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, it was found to have the characteristics of lactoferrin. The protein was identical to lactoferrin standards by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and double-diffusion immunologic precipitation. All available human lactoferrins stimulated thymidine uptake and all reacted with a lactoferrin polyclonal antibody. Human lactoferrin appears to be a potent activator of thymidine incorporation into DNA in incubated rat crypt cells, a nutritional function not previously reported.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87259668

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MeSH Heading (Major)

DNA|*ME; Intestinal Mucosa|CY/DE/*ME; Lactoferrin|*PD; Lactoglobulins|*PD; Thymidine|*ME

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cell Division|DE; Colostrum|AN; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone|PD; Female; Fibroblasts|ME; Human; In Vitro; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitogens; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-3998

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Ribonuclease activity and isoenzymes in raw and processed cows' milk and infant formulas.

Author

Meyer DH; Kunin AS; Maddalena J; Meyer WL

Address

Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.

Source

J Dairy Sci, 1987 Sep, 70:9, 1797-803

Abstract

Because of evidence of an immunologic role for ribonuclease II (E.C. 3.1.27.5) in mammals, its presence in milk was further characterized to provide a basis for study of possible contributions of its activity to the health of infants. Isoenzymes of ribonuclease II were quantitatively resolved from milk samples as small as 1 ml or less by chromatography on phosphocellulose. Three isoenzymes detected in bovine milk were the previously reported ribonucleases A and B and a form termed ribonuclease II-1. These isoenzymes were in the ratio of 70:30:1. Form II-1 was unique in its inability to hydrolyze polycytidylate. Bovine colostrum contained 10 to 15 times more ribonuclease II-1 than does milk and three times more total ribonuclease II per unit volume. Human milk contains about 1% the concentration of ribonuclease II found in cows' milk. Ribonuclease II activity in milk was quite stable in the acidic conditions of whey production and during low heat treatments. However, most of its enzymatic activity was lost with high heat treatments. No commercially manufactured milk-based or soybean-based infant formula assayed contained nearly as much ribonuclease activity as either human or bovine milk.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88033890

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Exoribonucleases|*AN; Infant Food|*; Isoenzymes|*AN; Milk|*EN; Milk, Human|*EN

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cattle; Colostrum|EN; Female; Human; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0022-0302

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 27 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

One-step isolation of lactoferrin using immobilized monoclonal antibodies.

Author

Kawakami H; Shinmoto H; Dosako S; Sogo Y

Address

Source

J Dairy Sci, 1987 Apr, 70:4, 752-9

Abstract

Immunoaffinity columns made with monoclonal antibodies to either human or bovine lactoferrins were prepared to isolate human lactoferrin or bovine lactoferrin from milks by a single chromatographic step. Recoveries of human lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin were 98 and 97%, respectively. The human lactoferrin recovered from defatted human colostrum was 98% pure with 93% iron-binding capacity. Amount of recovered bovine lactoferrin, as well as purity and iron-binding capacity, varied widely depending on the source of bovine milks and pretreatments (particularly pasteurization temperature). The best source to isolate bovine lactoferrin was raw skim milk yielding a protein 97% pure and with a 99% iron-binding capacity. Thus, immunoaffinity chromatography provides an effective one-pass isolation of highly pure human or bovine lactoferrin with reasonable recovery and iron-binding capacity.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87223371

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibodies, Monoclonal|*; Colostrum|*AN; Lactoferrin|*IP; Lactoglobulins|*IP; Milk|*AN

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cattle; Chromatography, Affinity; Female; Human; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0022-0302

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 28 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

A simple procedure for the isolation of human secretory IgA of IgA1 and IgA2 subclass by a jackfruit lectin, jacalin, affinity chromatography.

Author

Kondoh H; Kobayashi K; Hagiwara K

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan.

Source

Mol Immunol, 1987 Nov, 24:11, 1219-22

Abstract

Jackfruit lectin, jacalin, prepared from two batches of jackfruit seeds showed a different specificity in precipitating reaction in Agarose gel with various purified immunoglobulins and secretory components. Jacalin-P, extracted from jackfruit seeds from the Philippines, reacts only with serum IgA and secretory IgA of IgA1 subclass. Jacalin-O, extracted from jackfruit seeds from Okinawa prefecture in Japan, makes a strong precipitin are with IgA1 subclass and a weak precipitin arc with IgA2 subclass of IgA2m(2) allotype, IgM, IgD and IgE. Human secretory IgA of IgA1 subclass was isolated from human milk by a single jacalin-P affinity chromatography using D-galactose as a dissociating agent. From conventionally purified human secretory IgA preparation, secretory IgA of IgA1 subclass and of IgA2 subclass were separated from each other. The former was separated as jacalin-P adsorbed fraction and the latter as jacalin-P non-adsorbed fraction by the affinity chromatography. Subclass composition of secretory IgA in human milk was determined by the affinity column and was calculated to be 70% for IgA1 and 30% for IgA2 subclass. Jacalin affinity chromatography has several advantages compared with antibody coupled affinity chromatography, notably, high capacity, inexpensiveness, and very mild extraction of IgA1 subclass.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88094448

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MeSH Heading (Major)

IgA, Secretory|CL/*IP

MeSH Heading

Chromatography, Affinity|MT; Colostrum|IM; Female; Hemagglutination; Human; Immunodiffusion; Lectins; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0161-5890

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 29 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Separation of human IgA1 and IgA2 using jacalin-agarose chromatography.

Author

Gregory RL; Rundegren J; Arnold RR

Address

Source

J Immunol Methods, 1987 May, 99:1, 101-6

Abstract

A lectin isolated from the tropical jackfruit, jacalin, previously reported to precipitate human immunoglobulin A (IgA), and conjugated to agarose was used to separate the two subclasses of IgA from secretions. Jacalin-agarose binds specifically to the D-galactose moiety of IgA1 but not to IgA2 which has a different carbohydrate content and structure. IgA2 passed through the jacalin-agarose column and was collected in the void volume. IgA1 was eluted from the lectin by 0.8 M galactose. Of a representative diluted anti-alpha chain-purified colostral IgA preparation containing 50.2 micrograms IgA1 and 55.8 micrograms IgA2, 40.3 micrograms IgA1 (80.3% of the original) and 49.6 micrograms IgA2 (88.9%) was collected following jacalin-agarose chromatography. The jacalin-purified IgA1 fraction contained 8.0% IgA2 and the IgA2 fraction contained no IgA1. In addition, the IgA1 and IgA2 fractions had naturally occurring antibody activity to a normal oral bacterium. The method is easy, reproducible and specific and has many applications to mucosal immunological investigations.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87196461

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Chromatography, Agarose|*MT; Chromatography, Gel|*MT; IgA, Secretory|AN/CL/*IP

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|AN; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Human; Immunodiffusion; Lectins; Parotid Gland|ME; Saliva|AN; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0022-1759

Country of Publication

NETHERLANDS

Record 30 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Orally administered bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibodies: results of two clinical trials.

Author

McClead RE Jr; Butler T; Rabbani GH

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University 43205.

Source

Am J Med, 1988 Dec, 85:6, 811-6

Abstract

PURPOSE: Previous reports have suggested that binding of luminal toxin by orally administered antitoxin antibodies might be a feasible treatment for cholera. We therefore conducted two randomized, controlled clinical trials to test the therapeutic efficacy of orally administered anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins in patients with cholera diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In Trial I, 45 patients with cholera were randomly assigned to receive two doses (2 g in 100 ml of water each) of anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins, non-immune bovine colostral immunoglobulins, or 100 ml of water alone. In Trial II, 20 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 g of anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins or non-immune bovine colostral immunoglobulins or water every two hours for a total of eight doses. The mean stool volumes in each of two sequential eight-hour periods following initiation of therapy were not significantly different among study groups in either trial. RESULTS: Measurement of immunoglobulin in stools showed that bovine IgG was detected in 19 of 25 patients given bovine colostral immunoglobulins in both trials. Cholera toxin neutralizing activity, as assessed with the rabbit ileal loop assay, was found in the stools of three of seven patients given anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins in Trail I, and in all six patients given anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins in Trail II. CONCLUSION: We conclude that oral anti-cholera toxin bovine colostral immunoglobulins are not effective in the treatment of patients with active cholera diarrhea. The prophylactic benefit of oral antitoxin antibody remains to be determined.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89060326

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Cholera|IM/*TH; Cholera Toxin|*IM; Colostrum|*IM

MeSH Heading

Administration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Animal; Cattle; Clinical Trials; Feces|AN; Human; IgA|AN; IgG|AN; Immunization, Passive; Male; Neutralization Tests; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

ISSN

0002-9343

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 31 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

The quality of a mother's milk and the health of her child: beliefs and practices of the women of Mithila.

Author

Reissland N; Burghart R

Address

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, England.

Source

Soc Sci Med, 1988, 27:5, 461-9

Abstract

Among Maithil women there is an understanding of the relation between a mother's milk and the health of her child. Their understanding is supported by the Ayurvedic tradition. Characteristic is the way in which breast-feeding condenses so many meanings--nutritional, medical and moral--into one act. The mother not only nurses her child but also forms his character, fulfills her own personhood and perpetuates her husband's family.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89146266

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Attitude to Health|*; Breast Feeding|*; Developing Countries|*; Infant Nutrition|*

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|PH; Female; Human; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactation|PH; Medicine, Traditional; Mother-Child Relations; Nepal; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0277-9536

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 32 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Interactions of streptococci with human colostral immunoglobulin A.

Author

Lämmler C; Frede C; Blobel H

Address

Institut fÂur Bakteriologie und Immunologie der Justus-Liebig-UniversitÂat Giessen, F.R.G.

Source

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 1988, 11:2, 115-9

Abstract

Streptococci of serological groups A, B, C, G and L were examined for interactions with human colostral IgA. Of 28 A-streptococcal cultures, 12 bound IgA with a mean of 38.7%. The other streptococci had little or no IgA-binding activities. Of the 12 IgA-binding A-streptococcal cultures, 8 contained the M-protein M 4 and 2 the M-protein M 60. The specific binding sites for IgA were heat-sensitive (60 min, 80 degrees C) and susceptible to trypsin and pronase.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89029703

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*IM; IgA, Secretory|*IM; Streptococcus|*IM

MeSH Heading

Animal; Binding, Competitive; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0147-9571

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 33 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Pathophysiology of intestinal uptake and absorption of antigens in food allergy.

Author

Walker WA

Address

Combined Program in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Source

Ann Allergy, 1987 Nov, 59:5 Pt 2, 7-16

Abstract

An important adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract to the extrauterine environment is its development of a mucosal barrier against the penetration of proteins and protein fragments. To combat the potential danger of invasion across the mucosal barrier, the infant must develop within the lumen and on the luminal mucosal surface an elaborate system of defense mechanisms that act to control and maintain the epithelium as an impermeable barrier to the uptake of macromolecular antigens. These defenses include a unique local immunologic system adapted to function in the complicated milieu of the intestine as well as other nonimmunologic processes such as a gastric barrier, intestinal surface secretions, peristaltic movement, etc, all of which help to provide maximum protection for the intestinal surface. Unfortunately, during the immediate postpartum period, especially for premature and "small-for-date" infants, this elaborate local defense system is incompletely developed. As a result of the delay in the maturation of the mucosal barrier, newborn infants are particularly vulnerable to pathologic penetration by harmful intraluminal substances. The consequences of altered defense are susceptibility to infection and the potential for hypersensitivity reactions and the formation of immune complexes. With these reactions comes the potential for developing life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and hepatitis. Fortunately, nature has provided a means for passively protecting the "vulnerable" newborn against the dangers of a deficient intestinal defense system: human milk. It is now increasingly apparent that human milk contains not only antibodies and viable leukocytes, but many other substances that can interfere with bacterial colonization and prevent antigen penetration.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88075379

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antigens|*; Food Hypersensitivity|*PP; Intestinal Mucosa|*PP

MeSH Heading

Colostrum|IM; Human; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Infant, Newborn|PH; Intestinal Absorption; Proteins|IM

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL

ISSN

0003-4738

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 34 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Treatment of gastrointestinal infections in infants by oral administration of colostral antibodies.

Author

Lodinová Zádníková R; Korych B; Bartáková Z

Address

Institute for Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Source

Nahrung, 1987, 31:5-6, 465-7

Abstract

Passive immunization used for treatment of gastrointestinal infections represents a safe and effective method in premature and full-term newborns, avoiding the use of oral antibiotics.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88014124

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibodies|*AD; Colostrum|*IM; Escherichia coli Infections|DT/*TH; Gastrointestinal Diseases|DT/*TH

MeSH Heading

Antibiotics|TU; Human; Immunization, Passive; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0027-769X

Country of Publication

GERMANY, EAST

Record 35 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Isoelectric focusing of human salivary secretory-IgA.

Author

Mairs RJ; Beeley JA

Address

Oral Biochemistry Unit, University of Glasgow Dental School, Scotland, U.K.

Source

Arch Oral Biol, 1987, 32:12, 873-7

Abstract

A method using overlays of 131I-labelled antisera to IgA or SC was developed for the specific detection of s-IgA in unpurified saliva after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The pI range of salivary s-IgA was 4.8-6.5; that of colostral s-IgA was slightly lower (4.5-5.5).

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89025242

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MeSH Heading (Major)

IgA, Secretory|*AN; Saliva|*IM

MeSH Heading

Autoradiography; Colostrum|IM; Female; Human; Isoelectric Focusing; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0003-9969

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 36 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Vitamin K1 content of maternal milk: influence of the stage of lactation, lipid composition, and vitamin K1 supplements given to the mother.

Author

von Kries R; Shearer M; McCarthy PT; Haug M; Harzer G; Göbel U

Address

UniversitÂats-Kinderklinik DÂusseldorf, West Germany Abt. fÂur Neonatologie und Gastroenterologie.

Source

Pediatr Res, 1987 Nov, 22:5, 513-7

Abstract

Using a sensitive electrochemical assay for vitamin K1 and standardized techniques for breast-milk collection, we studied the vitamin K1 content of human milk during the first 5 wk of lactation with respect to 1) individual and interindividual differences, 2) the relationship of vitamin K1 to other lipids, and 3) the influence of oral supplements of vitamin K1 on breast milk concentrations. Comparison of fore and hind milk from the mothers revealed higher vitamin K1 concentrations in hindmilks, suggesting that the lipid content influences the vitamin K1 concentration in maternal milk. Samples of maternal milk from nine mothers collected from day 1 to day 36 of lactation showed significantly higher vitamin K1 concentrations in colostral milk than in mature milk. For colostral milk there was a significant correlation of vitamin K1 to cholesterol (r = 0.62) but not to total lipid or phospholipid suggesting a role for cholesterol in the secretion of vitamin K1 into colostral milk. For mature milk correlation coefficients of vitamin K1 with all lipids were low (r = 0.29-0.37) suggesting that at later stages of lactation dietary fluctuations of vitamin K1 may be a more important determinant of the vitamin K1 content of breast milk than the lipid composition. To test the influence of diet, mothers were given oral supplements of vitamin K1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88067428

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Lactation|*ME; Lipids|*ME; Milk, Human|*ME; Vitamin K|AD/*ME; Vitamin K Deficiency|*ME

MeSH Heading

Adolescence; Adult; Cholesterol|ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colostrum|ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn|ME; Human; Infant, Newborn; Phospholipids|ME; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-3998

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 37 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Mammary immunity in mothers of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Author

Nandapalan N; Taylor C; Scott R; Toms GL

Address

Source

J Med Virol, 1987 Jul, 22:3, 277-87

Abstract

Seven of 230 breast fed infants followed prospectively from birth through their first winter contracted RS virus infections. The colostral from five of the mothers of these infants contained antiviral IgA antibodies. In each case antibody levels were above the mean for a group of 36 mothers whose infants were age matched to infected infants but for whom there was no evidence of RS virus infection in their first winter. Four colostral samples from mothers of infected infants also contained antiviral IgG antibody. Colostral lymphocyte reactivity to RS virus antigen was tested in three mothers of infected infants and two showed significant proliferation. There was, therefore, no evidence that mothers of infected infants lacked mammary immunity to the virus. Maternal mammary IgA and IgG responses following diagnosis of RS virus infection in the infant were followed for the seven cases identified prospectively and for a further 23 infants admitted to hospital with RS virus infections of varying severity. There was no evidence that the mothers of more severely affected infants were deficient in IgA or IgG milk antibody.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87310405

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antibodies, Viral|*AN; Colostrum|*IM; Milk, Human|*IM; Paramyxovirus Infections|*IM; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses|*IM

MeSH Heading

Animal; Antigens, Viral|IM; Breast Feeding; Comparative Study; Female; Human; IgA|AN; IgG|AN; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Infant, Newborn; Lymphocyte Transformation; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0146-6615

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 38 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Purification of polypeptide growth factors from milk.

Author

Shing Y; Davidson S; Klagsbrun M

Address

Source

Methods Enzymol, 1987, 146:, 42-8

Abstract

There appear to be at least three growth factors for mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells in human milk. The purification of the predominant one is described in this chapter. Biochemical and immunological studies indicate that this growth factor is probably a form of human epidermal growth factor (EGF). Like EGF, the major human milk-derived growth factor has a molecular weight of about 6000, a pI of about 4.5, and is resistant to inactivation by dithiothreitol. (See this volume, Harper et al., for purification of human EGF.) In addition, Carpenter has shown that antibodies against human EGF will precipitate most of the growth factor activity for 3T3 cells found in human milk. The EGF-like species of growth factor cannot be detected in bovine milk. Instead, the major growth factor in bovine colostrum appears to be biochemically similar to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Like PDGF, the bovine colostrum-derived growth factor has a molecular weight of about 30,000, a pI of about 10, is totally inactivated by dithiothreitol but is stable to treatments with guanidine-HCl, urea, and heat. Biochemical characterizations of milk-derived growth factors, EGF, and PDGF are summarized in Table III. At present, very little is known about the physiological role of these growth factors in milk. The availability of these growth factors in homogeneous form will facilitate the studies in understanding their possible involvement in the growth process.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88065120

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Colostrum|*; Growth Substances|*IP/PD; Milk, Human|*; Peptides|*IP/PD

MeSH Heading

Animal; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, Gel|MT; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid|MT; Chromatography, Ion Exchange|MT; DNA Replication|DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone|IP; Human; Indicators and Reagents; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor|IP

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0076-6879

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 39 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Carnitine and the premature.

Author

Rubaltelli FF; Orzali A; Rinaldo P; Donzelli F; Carnielli V

Address

Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy.

Source

Biol Neonate, 1987, 52 Suppl 1:, 65-77

Abstract

After birth, the main energy fuel for the newborn is constituted by fat. Carnitine is necessary for the beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids at the mitochondrial level, and seems also to have a role in the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, in ammonia detoxification, and in urea production. Colostrum is particularly rich in carnitine whereas semi-elemental formulae and soy-based formulae contain little or no carnitine. Since the newborn has a low capacity for carnitine biosynthesis, it seems useful to administer L-carnitine to infants on total parenteral nutrition, soy-based or semi-elemental formulae.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

88163827

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Carnitine|AN/BL/*ME; Infant, Premature|*ME

MeSH Heading

Carboxylic Acids|UR; Fatty Acids|ME; Human; Infant Food|AN; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human|AN

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL

ISSN

0006-3126

Country of Publication

SWITZERLAND

Record 40 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Mineral- and trace element concentrations in human breast milk, placenta, maternal blood, and the blood of the newborn.

Author

Schramel P; Lill G; Hasse S; Klose BJ

Address

Gesellschaft fÂur Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH, Institut fÂur Okologische Chemie, Neuherberg, FRG.

Source

Biol Trace Elem Res, 1988 Jun, 16:1, 67-75

Abstract

The concentrations of the essential trace elements Cu, Fe, and Zn, and of the mineral elements Ca, K, Mg, and P during the perinatal period in human placenta and in the blood of the mother and the newborn (cord blood) were determined. Breast milk (colostrum and transitory milk) was also included to permit correlations between the different compartments. No correlations were found. The uptake by nutrition and the body-pools of the mother and their mobilization for these elements seem to be sufficiently high for an adequate supply of the fetus and the milk in the geographical region of Munich (Bavaria, FRG) under these investigations. Differences in the mineral-and trace element concentrations of colostrum and transitory milk for the elements P and Zn and to a lesser extent for Ca and Mg were observed. Additionally, breast milk samples from different geographical regions in Bavaria were investigated. Results for the heavy metals Cd, Hg, and Pb, and for the essential trace element Se are also presented for these samples, and can be seen as a reflection of the overall environmental and dietary influences during pregnancy in these geographical regions. ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma)-emission spectrometry was used for the determination of the elements Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, and P. For the additionally given elements in the milk-samples anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) (Cd, Pb), hydride atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) (Se), and cold vapor AAS (Hg) were applied.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

91001246

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Fetal Blood|*CH; Milk, Human|*CH; Minerals|*AN/BL; Placenta|*CH; Trace Elements|*AN/BL

MeSH Heading

Female; Human; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0163-4984

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 41 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Selenium, cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in human breast milk, in placenta, maternal blood, and the blood of the newborn.

Author

Schramel P; Hasse S; Ovcar Pavlu J

Address

Gesellschaft fÂur Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH, Institut fÂur Okologische Chemie, Neuherberg, FRG.

Source

Biol Trace Elem Res, 1988 Jan, 15:, 111-24

Abstract

The concentrations of the trace elements Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se during the perinatal period in human placenta and in the blood of the mother and the newborn (cord blood) were determined. Breast milk (colostrum and mature milk) was also included to permit correlations between the different compartments. For Cd, a placental barrier exists, in accord with previous observations. For Pb, a strong correlation between the concentrations in the blood of the mother and of the newborn was found. The concentration of Hg was in most cases below the detection limit. Its concentration in colostrum was higher than in the mature milk. The results for Se reflect the knowledge about an essential trace element. Strong positive correlations were noted between maternal blood and cord blood and maternal milk. Anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was used for the determination of Cd and Pb, cold vapor AAS (CVAAS) for the determination of Hg, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the determination of Se.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

91001218

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Infant, Newborn|*BL; Milk, Human|*CH; Placenta|*CH; Pregnancy|*BL; Trace Elements|*AN

MeSH Heading

Cadmium|AN; Female; Human; Lead|AN; Mercury|AN; Selenium|AN

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0163-4984

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES